A heart attack, medically known as a myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle becomes blocked, preventing oxygen from reaching the heart. Without oxygen, the affected part of the heart begins to die, leading to permanent damage if not treated immediately.
This blockage is most often caused by the buildup of plaque (fat, cholesterol, and other substances) inside the arteries that supply blood to the heart — known as coronary arteries. When a plaque ruptures, it forms a blood clot, which stops blood flow.
Causes of a Heart Attack
This blockage is most often caused by the buildup of plaque (fat, cholesterol, and other substances) inside the arteries that supply blood to the heart — known as coronary arteries. When a plaque ruptures, it forms a blood clot, which stops blood flow.
Symptoms of a Heart Attack
Symptoms can appear suddenly or slowly. Common signs include:
Typical Symptoms
Chest pain or pressure (often described as tightness or squeezing)
Pain spreading to arm, shoulder, jaw, back, or stomach
Shortness of breath
Sweating
Nausea or vomiting
Feeling faint or dizzy
Silent or Atypical Symptoms
More common in women, elderly, and diabetics:
Fatigue
Indigestion or heartburn
Mild chest discomfort
Sudden weakness
Coronary Artery Disease (Most Common)
Blood Clots
Coronary Artery Spasm
Types of Heart Attacks
1. STEMI (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction)
Complete artery blockage
Most serious form
Requires immediate emergency treatment
2. NSTEMI (Non-ST-Elevation MI)
Partial blockage
Less severe but still a medical emergency
Silent Heart Attack
Occurs with no obvious symptoms
Often discovered later on ECG or imaging
Exam Duration
20 Minutes - 60 Minutes
Heart Test Pricing
Private Heart Test are provided on a per fee basis and are not covered by health care.
